• The diagnosis of ICP is

  2024-10-19

  

  The diagnosis of ICP is currently based on the presence of pruritus, raised fasting serum TBS levels above 10μmol/L, and/or elevated serum transaminases (in the absence of diseases that cause cholestasis or pruritus) as well as spontaneous relief of signs and symptoms within four to six weeks after

• Interestingly this situation might be changed by the

  2024-10-19

  

  Interestingly, this situation might be changed by the immunological context, in particular by the cytokines encountered during differentiation or activation. LPS-activation of bone marrow-derived DCs differentiated in GM-CSF decreases autophagy, CP2, and subsequent activation of CD4+ T cells (Fig. 2

• A key function of the reference

  2024-10-18

  

  A key function of the reference AFST would be to detect fungal resistance, i.e. to determine which antifungal agents are likely to be clinically inactive [2]. To this end, the epidemiological cut-off value, defined as ‘the upper end of the wild-type (WT) or beginning of the non-wild-type (NWT) MIC d

• Intracellular Signaling Cascades From ligand sensitization t

  2024-10-18

  

  Intracellular Signaling Cascades. From ligand sensitization to translation of genes, all cellular processes are dependent on the intracellular levels and activity of partners involved in the signaling pathway. These signaling events lead to critical post-translational modifications including phospho

• Based on the general structure

  2024-10-18

  

  Based on the general structure-function principle in biology [[19], [20], [21]], toxic oligomers are expected to have well-defined three-dimensional structures to carry out their pathological functions. A common amyloid toxicity mechanism also suggests that toxic oligomers of different amyloid prote

• Akt is another upstream kinase known to

  2024-10-18

  

  Akt is another upstream kinase known to phosphorylate AMPK Ser489 in response to high insulin levels [7], [21]. HepG2 SAR405838 show an increase in phosphorylation of AMPK at Ser485 when incubated with either insulin or troglitazone individually (Fig. 5A and C). Despite this concurrent increase, on

• Kim et al found that

  2024-10-18

  

  Kim et al. (2013) found that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) promoted the atrophy of dopaminergic neurons associated with the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), the translocation of apoptosis inductor factor (AIF) and the depletion of ATP. An increase in p-AMPK and pS6K (upstream kinase o

• Fish aminopeptidases from Alaska Pollack roe and tuna pylori

  2024-10-18

  

  Fish aminopeptidases from Alaska Pollack roe and tuna pyloric caeca have been reported on [12,13]. More recently, we described the purification of a leucine aminopeptidase from the skeletal muscle of the common carp [14], red sea bream [15] and a lysine aminopeptidases from Japanese flounder [16]. T

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Microbial enzymes have g

  2024-10-18

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Microbial enzymes have gained interest for their widespread uses in industries and medicine owing to their stability, catalytic activity, and ease of production and optimization than plant and animal enzymes (Singh et al., 2016). Microbial aminopeptidases (amino-a

• br Concluding remarks Enhanced membrane binding

  2024-10-18

  

  Concluding remarks Enhanced membrane binding upon calcium stimulation in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors suggests a pre-requisite step that involves a conformational change in LOX. This might facilitate it to tether to the membrane and regulate enzyme activity. The calcium binding loops a

• The amino acids evaluated in this

  2024-10-18

  

  The amino acids evaluated in this study represent proteinogenic (amino acids that are applied in the genetic code) or even essential ones (amino acids that cannot be synthesised by the organism and need to be taken up by nutrition). Tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleucine, threonine and vali

• Aberrant or a sustained activation

  2024-10-18

  

  Aberrant or a sustained activation of AhR signaling pathway, triggered by exogenous toxic ligands such as dioxins, PAHs or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), is a well-described biological process engaged during tumor initiation and/or promotion in various tissues (e.g. liver, lung, skin)(reviewed in

• There are several reports about the expression of AChRs and

  2024-10-18

  

  There are several reports about the expression of AChRs and their modulation to osteogenic factors in osteoblasts (Rothem et al., 2011, Sato et al., 2010, Walker et al., 2001). The normal osteocytic MLO-Y4 AGK 2 receptor expressed multiple subtypes, which was demonstrated by the detection of M1, M2

• The srd a isoforms showed

  2024-10-18

  

  The srd5a isoforms showed unique expression profiles in early FHM development (Fig. 2). Similar to amphibian embryos, there was a high abundance of both srd5a1 and srd5a3 at 1dpf in FHMs, suggesting that mRNA for these enzymes may be maternally deposited and that these enzymes may play a key role in

• br Conclusion The HT receptor family

  2024-10-18

  

  Conclusion The 5-HT receptor family is complex, and one may ask as does Bryan Roth et al. [205] whether this is useless Fluconazole (i.e. too much redundancy) or an embarrassment of the riches (i.e. many potential targets to choose from to affect normal or pathological function); molecular biolo

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