• br Acknowledgments We thank Dr Kathleen

  2022-01-27

  

  Acknowledgments We thank Dr Kathleen Sullivan of Merck Research Laboratories for providing the CHO-K1 Angiotensin Fragment 1-7 acetate expressing an NFAT-β-lactamase reporter and the Gα subunit Gqi5, Dr. Chen Liaw (Arena Pharmaceutical), Ms. Rebecca Kaplan, Mr. Frank Xiaodong Gan for technical a

• Intranasal immunization can induce the activation of IgA sec

  2022-01-27

  

  Intranasal immunization can induce the activation of IgA-secreting plasma cell precursors that are present in NALT and induce IgA antibody-secreting cells; these cells express l-selectin (+), allowing migration to the lymphatic nodes, as well as α4β1 (+), CXCR4 (+), and CCR10 (+), which facilitate m

• Cichlasoma dimerus as most teleost fish

  2022-01-27

  

  Cichlasoma dimerus, as most teleost fish species, present neurons expressing GnRH3 (Pandolfi et al., 2005). As in most Direct Mouse Genotyping Kit species, the neurons expressing GnRH3 are mainly located in the NOR, although few neurons were detected in the olfactory bulb, ventral telencephalon and

• Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ELISA

  2022-01-27

  

  Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a rapid and simple test widely used for the detection of humoral immune responses following infection/vaccination. However, commercially available ILTV ELISA use the whole virus as the detecting antigen and therefore may not be sensitive for the detection

• br Conflict of interest br Funding br Acknowledgements br In

  2022-01-27

  

  Conflict of interest Funding Acknowledgements Introduction to SLC6 transporters The solute carrier (SLC) 6 family of membrane proteins perform the Na+-coupled symport of amino acids and amino Asiatic acid derivatives into cells throughout the body. Disrupting neurotransmitter SLC6-media

• Which is the preferred dimer configuration the one correspon

  2022-01-27

  

  Which is the preferred dimer configuration, the one corresponding to the active state or the one corresponding to the desensitized state? Umbrella sampling simulations of a pair of GluA2 LBDs, using distances at the top (proximal to the ATD) and the bottom (proximal to the TMD), indicate that the de

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction High intensity

  2022-01-26

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction High-intensity noise exposure has long been known to induce damage in the peripheral and central auditory system, often resulting in auditory pathologies such as hearing loss, tinnitus and hyperacusis (Syka, 2002; Roberts et al., 2010). Within the inner ear, struc

• The findings in this study may represent an example of

  2022-01-26

  

  The findings in this study may represent an example of a more general phenomenon, namely that the exquisite specificity of the G protein-coupled receptors that mediate the physiological actions of the b-Casomorphin (1-3) family hormones in mammals may have arisen relatively late in evolution. In no

• endomorphin Gastric inhibitory polypeptide a hormone belongi

  2022-01-26

  

  Gastric inhibitory polypeptide, a hormone belonging to the glucagon-secretin family of peptides, exhibits protection against the neurodegeneration and also stimulates neurogenesis in adult rats in a paracrine manner (Gault and Holscher, 2008, Nyberg et al., 2005, Usdin et al., 1993). The expression

• The effects of GHS R

  2022-01-26

  

  The effects of GHS-R1a blockade on alcohol-related outcomes have been examined in numerous preclinical experiments, utilizing various GHS-R1a antagonists (JMV 2959, [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, BIM 28163) and rodent species (prairie vole, mouse, rat). In spite of methodological differences, the results consiste

• We are aware that the classical

  2022-01-26

  

  We are aware that the classical biochemical view is centered on the local concentrations of specific ion and molecules rather than on cell electric potentials. However, important downstream processes can be influenced by acting locally on these potentials because they regulate the conductance of the

• br Involvement of gap junctions and

  2022-01-26

  

  Involvement of gap junctions and Panx1 in spinal cord processing of pain information Several studies indicated that GJs in the CNS contribute to pain. A common finding in such studies is that intrathecal administration of GJ blocker attenuates pain behavior. For example, intrathecal CBX attenuate

• br Introduction Conversion of visual input

  2022-01-26

  

  Introduction Conversion of visual input into electrical information and routing this information to the brain is the main function of the eye (Levin et al., 2011). These processes require a microenvironment that offers adequate supply with oxygen and nutrients and also removal of all unwanted and

• Mitochondria are also involved in other

  2022-01-26

  

  Mitochondria are also involved in other modalities of programmed cell death, particularly apoptosis. Intriguingly, the roles of mitochondria in apoptosis and ferroptosis are fundamentally different. In mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, the mitochondrion serves as a reservoir, storing apoptosis-regula

• In addition to removing proteins and organelles related to

  2022-01-26

  

  In addition to removing proteins and organelles related to iron and lipid metabolism, an alternative mechanism by which autophagy promotes ferroptosis is through the formation of the BECN1-solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) complex [42,43]. SLC7A11 is the main component of the antiporter sy

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